Volume-4 Issue-4, June 2024 – International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR)

F405104061024

IJAPSR Journal — Fri, 25 Oct 2024 12:50:41 +0000

The International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR) has ISSN 2582-7618 (online), open-access, peer-reviewed, periodical bi-monthly international journal, which is published by Lattice Science Publication (LSP) in February, April, June, August, October and December. The journal aims to publish high-quality peer–reviewed original articles in the area of Pharmaceutical Sciences that covers Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Medical Physiology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest. #Pharmaceutical Technology #Pharmaceutics #Biopharmaceutics #Pharmacokinetics #Medical Physiology Pharmaceutical Chemistry #Medicinal Chemistry #Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design #Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry #Pharmacology #Pharmaceutical Analysis #Pharmacy Practice #Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy #Cell Biology #Genomics and Proteomics #Pharmacogenomics #Bioinformatics #Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest #PhD #Academic #Scopus #SCI #LatticeScience #Springer, #ScienceDirect #IEEE #Mendeley #Research #Scholarship #UGC #SSRN #LatticeScience #ESCI #Science #Journal #Conference #SSRN #PubLons

Formulation and Evaluation of Metformin Using Fenugreek Seed MucilageUsed as a Natural Polymer
Kajal Gupta

Kajal Gupta, Department of Pharmaceutics, Jaipur National University, Jaipur (Rajasthan), India.

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© The Authors. Published by Lattice Science Publication (LSP). This is an open-access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: The primary goal of this study was to develop and test metformin sustained release tablets employing fenugreek seed mucilage (FSM) as a new binder, as opposed to standard polymers such as xanthan gum and HPMC. The study demonstrates how FSM enables sustained release of medication while maintaining the physicochemical characteristics of metformin. The sustained-release matrix tablets were made on a laboratory scale utilizing the wet granulation process. 5 batches were created, each with varying quantities of fenugreek seed mucilage, xanthan gum, and HPMC. To examine the tablet’s physical properties and consistency, various criteria, including thickness, hardness, weight variation, and content homogeneity, were measured. FTIR tests were performed to determine the compatibility of metformin and the polymers employed. The results showed no incompatibility, indicating that the novel excipient, FSM was not affecting the drug’s physicochemical qualities. The in vitro drug dissolution investigation was conducted using a USP Type II paddle apparatus to quantify the drug release rate from dosage forms and to assess the efficacy of the polymers in retarding drug release. The study found that increasing the concentration of the matrix ingredient decreased the release rate of the medication. Among the formulations, the combination of FSM with HPMC (MS1) resulted in 95% drug release, FSM with xanthan gum achieved 96% drug release, and the MS4 formulation had the most significant drug release rate. Finally, the study showed that fenugreek seed mucilage and xanthan gum effectively develop metformin continuous-release matrix tablets. Lower concentrations of these polymers were more suited and effective, resulting in sustained drug release. This study demonstrates the potential of fenugreek seed mucilage as a novel and effective binder in sustained-release formulations.

Keywords: Physicochemical Qualities, FSM, HPMC (MS1), USP, FTIR.
Scope of the Article: Pharmaceutical Technology

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A405805011224

IJAPSR Journal — Fri, 25 Oct 2024 12:46:48 +0000

Neural Network Analysis of MRI Scans for FND Diagnosis
Samiel Azmaien

Samiel Azmaien, Department of Computer Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America (USA).

Abstract: Background Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) currently lacks a definitive method of diagnosis, leading to an extremely high rate of misdiagnosis. Methods: This project aimed to address the question of improving diagnostic accuracy for FND by utilising logistic regression models and neural networks, integrating patient MRI data and clinical history to differentiate FND from other neurological disorders. MRI scans were first pre-processed through noise reduction and feature engineering, and then used to train two types of models: logistic regression for general neurological disorder classification and a neural network specifically for FND diagnosis. The diagnostic performance was measured using the ROC AUC metric, with additional evaluation through accuracy, precision, recall, and the F1 score. Results and Conclusions: By targeting the most relevant variables from the MRI data, both models demonstrated high efficacy, with the neural network achieving a 92% accuracy rate in FND classification.

Keywords: Diagnosis · Functional Neurological Disorder · Logistic Regression · MRI Data Scans· Neural Networks.
Scope of the Article: Medical Physiology

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A405705011224

IJAPSR Journal — Fri, 25 Oct 2024 12:42:50 +0000

Treatment Analysis for Alzheimer’s Disease using Caenorhabditis Elegans as a Model
Ramin Sarkar

Ramin Sarkar, Gwinnett School of Mathematics, Science and Technology, Lawrenceville (Georgia), United States.

Abstract: Alzheimer’s Disease, a progressive neurodegenerative condition lacking a definitive and guaranteed treatment, prompts critical investigation for effective remedies to manage its behavioral and cognitive impact. Herbal extracts like Ginkgo Biloba, Lion’s Mane, Basil, and Sage present potential options to alleviate plaque build-up caused by Alzheimer’s. This study aims to identify the most efficacious herbal extract for treating Alzheimer’s, using aged Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a model organism. The hypothesis states that treated C. elegans will exhibit increased behavioral movement and altered molecular effects compared to the untreated C. elegans. The Independent Variable consists of the various extracts fed to the C. elegans. The Dependent Variables consist of the C. elegan’s behavioral abilities (speed, responsiveness, foraging) and C. elegan’s molecular effects measured by protein concentration. The Control Variable is the untreated aged C. elegan’s behavioral movement and molecular effects. Data were collected using WormLab and molecular assays to validate and determine the effectiveness of the treatment. Through ANOVA testing, statistically significant differences emerged in four out of five measured tests, rejecting the null hypothesis more often than accepting it. Results from data indicate Ginkgo Biloba extract as the best extract, due to displaying increased speed, responsiveness, and foraging ability in C. elegans compared to other extracts and untreated C. elegans. This suggests Ginkgo Biloba as a highly possible treatment option.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s Disease, Caenorhabditis Elegans, Ginkgo Biloba, Herbal Extracts.
Scope of the Article: Biological Sciences

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D404404040624

IJAPSR Journal — Wed, 26 Jun 2024 06:08:55 +0000

Survey of Knowledge About the Interaction Between Food and Drugs Among the Syrian Population
Rima Ziad Zanboua¹, Ayat Abbood²

¹Rima Ziad Zanboua, Student, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tishreen, Latakia, Syria.

²Ayat Abbood, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Quality Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tishreen, Latakia, Syria.

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of food-drug interactions among the general public in Syria. A questionnaire was distributed at Tishreen University and published on social media between October and November 2023. A total of 419 responses were collected. 83.3% know that food can affect the effectiveness of medications. 85.2% think that food can increase or slow down the effects of medications. 77.6% believe that the impact of food-drug interactions varies depending on dose, age, and health status. 68.5% believe that food-drug interactions may lead to serious side effects. 45.8% believe that food-drug interactions can lead to death. 49.2% chose that the age group of patients at highest risk for food-drug interactions should be over 60 years of age. The questionnaire results showed that the level of knowledge and awareness among participants about food-drug interactions was good, as indicated by an overall average of 63.34% of participants who answered correctly.

Keywords: Awareness, Food-drug Interactions, Survey
Scope of the Article: Pharmacy Practice

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D404204040624

IJAPSR Journal — Wed, 26 Jun 2024 06:02:57 +0000

The Construction of Multichromophoric Assemblages: A Booming Field
Nasser Thallaj

Prof. Dr. Nasser Thallaj, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Quality Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Rachid Privet University, Damascus, Syria.

Abstract: The field of molecular photonics has witnessed significant advancements in the construction of multichromophoric assemblages, which play a crucial role in guiding and manipulating light energy at the molecular level. This paper provides an overview of the strategies and techniques employed in the design and synthesis of such assemblies, with a focus on covalent building. The concept of molecular photonic wires is introduced, where chromophores passively guide excitations between functional units. Various examples of covalent structures, including multiporphyrinic architectures, are presented, demonstrating precise control over energy transfer and propagation. Additionally, the polymerization of rigid porphyrinic precursors is explored as an alternative approach. The challenges and potential applications of these multichromophoric assemblies in the field of molecular photonics are discussed. The study highlights the importance of understanding the interactions between chromophores and offers insights into the applicative potential of organic compounds for emerging technologies.

Keywords: Multichromophoric Assemblages; Molecular Photonics; Covalent Buildings Energy Transfer; Excitons; Molecular Photonic Wires; Chromophores; Emerging Technologies
Scope of the Article: Pharmaceutical Analysis

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C404104040624

IJAPSR Journal — Wed, 26 Jun 2024 05:56:29 +0000

A Questionnaire to Evaluate Undergraduate Students’ Consumption and Awareness of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Syria
Reem Salloum¹, Fatima Baddour², Ayat Abbood³

¹Reem Salloum, Student, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tishreen, Latakia, Syria.

²Fatima Baddour, Student, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tishreen, Latakia, Syria.

³Ayat Abbood, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Quality Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tishreen, Latakia, Syria.

Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the level of awareness and consumption of NSAIDs among college undergraduate students in Syria. 60.1% of 309 participants were between 20 and 25 years old. 64.1% were females. 27.6% were medical college students. NSAID consumption was very high among participating students. 94.9% have used these drugs. 65.9% admit to taking these medications between 2 and 10 times per month. Most participants prefer to take tablets and capsules (93.8%), especially for relieving pain (84.6%). The first choice of NSAIDs among students was ibuprofen, 36.6%, then diclofenac, 25.3%. 69.1% have not experienced any side effects because of taking NSAIDs. The study findings showed that the level of awareness among participants about NSAIDs was good, since about 76% of participants had taken NSAIDs after food. However, most participants used NSAIDs without consulting a doctor or a pharmacist every 8 hours. In addition, some of them mentioned antibiotics as an example of NSAIDs. The college students who participated in this survey have a general knowledge of NSAIDs. Medical college students are more aware of the side effects, safety, and dosage of NSAIDs.

Keywords: NSAIDs, Syria, Knowledge, Practice, Survey
Scope of the Article: Pharmacy Practice

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