Volume-4 Issue-5, August 2024 – International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR)

E404904050824

IJAPSR Journal — Wed, 28 Aug 2024 07:25:49 +0000

The International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR) has ISSN 2582-7618 (online), open-access, peer-reviewed, periodical bi-monthly international journal, which is published by Lattice Science Publication (LSP) in February, April, June, August, October and December. The journal aims to publish high-quality peer–reviewed original articles in the area of Pharmaceutical Sciences that covers Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Medical Physiology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest. #Pharmaceutical Technology #Pharmaceutics #Biopharmaceutics #Pharmacokinetics #Medical Physiology Pharmaceutical Chemistry #Medicinal Chemistry #Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design #Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry #Pharmacology #Pharmaceutical Analysis #Pharmacy Practice #Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy #Cell Biology #Genomics and Proteomics #Pharmacogenomics #Bioinformatics #Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest #PhD #Academic #Scopus #SCI #LatticeScience #Springer, #ScienceDirect #IEEE #Mendeley #Research #Scholarship #UGC #SSRN #LatticeScience #ESCI #Science #Journal #Conference #SSRN #PubLons

Advancements in Peptide Vectors for Cancer Therapy and Tumor Imaging: A Comprehensive Review
Nasser Thallaj

Prof. Dr. Nasser Thallaj, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Quality Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Rachid Privet University, Damascus, Syria.

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© The Authors. Published by Lattice Science Publication (LSP). This is an open-access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: The objective of this work is to synthesise novel peptide vectors for cancer therapy and tumor imaging. Cancer is a complex disease characterised by uncontrolled cell proliferation and the ability of cancer cells to evade programmed cell death. It poses a significant health problem globally, with increasing incidence rates observed in both industrialized and developing countries. Early detection of cancer is crucial for effective treatment, and various techniques such as observation, palpation, biopsies, and medical imaging have been employed for this purpose. However, these methods have limitations in terms of early detection, precision, and availability. Therefore, the development of new treatments and diagnostic procedures is a pressing need in cancer research. This study focuses on the synthesis of peptide vectors that can serve as practical tools for cancer therapy and tumor imaging. Peptide vectors offer several advantages, including their ability to specifically target cancer cells, their potential for multivalency, and their capacity for non-viral vectorization. The research aims to design and synthesise peptide vectors that target the αVβ3 integrin, a protein overexpressed in tumor cells and associated with tumor neoangiogenesis. The vectors will incorporate the cyclodecapeptide scaffold RAFT as a structural framework and will be functionalized with the -RGDligand, known for its affinity to αVβ3 integrin. The incorporation of specific features such as oxime ligation and disulfide bridges will enhance the stability and functionality of the vectors. Additionally, the use of FRET (Förster resonance energy transfer) will enable imaging capabilities for tumor detection. Overall, this work aims to contribute to the advancement of cancer therapy and tumor imaging by synthesising novel peptide vectors with targeted specificity and imaging capabilities. The successful development of these peptide vectors could potentially lead to improved early detection, targeted drug delivery, and more effective treatment strategies for cancer patients.

Keywords: Anti-cancer Therapy, Tumour Imaging, Tumour neo-angiogenesis, αVβ3 integrin, Non-viral Vectorization, Cyclodecapeptide Scaffold RAFT, -RGD- Ligand, Multivalency, Oxime Ligation, Disulfide Bridge, FRET
Scope of the Article: Pharmaceutical Analysis

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E404804050824

IJAPSR Journal — Wed, 28 Aug 2024 07:20:56 +0000

Survey of Usage and Awareness of Ibuprofen Among the Syrian Population
Hanan Mahfouz¹, Aya Assaf², Ayat Abbood³

¹Hanan Mahfouz, Student, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tishreen, Latakia, Syria.

²Aya Assaf, Student, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tishreen, Latakia, Syria.

³Ayat Abbood, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Quality Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tishreen, Latakia, Syria.

Abstract: Ibuprofen is a non-selective NSAID. This drug inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2. It is commonly used in Syria to manage specific conditions, particularly pain. This research aimed to assess the awareness and use of ibuprofen among the Syrian population. A survey was conducted on social networking sites from January to March 2024 to achieve this purpose. Two hundred seventeen responses were collected. Most participants were female (65%) and between 20 and 30 years old (83.9%). Most participants had taken ibuprofen, 80.9%. 45% use ibuprofen as a pain reliever. 74.4% responded that they can get ibuprofen from the pharmacy without a prescription. Half of the participants believe that the recommended dose of ibuprofen to relieve pain is 400 mg every 8 hours for an adult. Only 23.5% of participants had experienced side effects when taking ibuprofen, mainly stomach pain (55%). The first alternative drug to ibuprofen among participants was paracetamol, 32%. The treatment plan for 69.8% of participants includes a combination of ibuprofen and paracetamol. The results of this survey demonstrated high consumption of Ibuprofen in Syria. Indeed, the surveyed Syrians had a good understanding of this medication.

Keywords: Ibuprofen, Syrians, Knowledge, Practice, Survey.
Scope of the Article: Pharmaceutical Analysis

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E404704050824

IJAPSR Journal — Wed, 28 Aug 2024 07:15:14 +0000

Overview of Analytical Methods for Characterizing the Charge Heterogeneity of Antibody-Drug Conjugates
Ayat Abbood

Ayat Abbood, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Quality Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tishreen, Latakia, Syria.

Abstract: Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are ideal candidates for selective therapy. ADCs exhibit considerable heterogeneity due to various modifications. One of the molecular characteristics of ADCs is charge heterogeneity. Several analytical methods can be used to characterise the charge heterogeneity of ADC, including ion exchange chromatography (IEC), isoelectric focusing (IEF), and capillary electrophoresis (CE). This work aimed to provide insights into the various analytical techniques used to determine the pI and charge distribution profile of ADCs.

Keywords: Antibody, Conjugates, Charge, Heterogeneity.
Scope of the Article: Medicinal Chemistry

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E404604050824

IJAPSR Journal — Wed, 28 Aug 2024 07:09:59 +0000

A Quality by Design (QBD) Approach for the Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for the Quantification of Silymarin Tablet
Sanit J. Revankar¹, Shweta M. Pandare², M. S. Palled³, Shailendra S. Suryawanshi⁴

¹Sanit J. Revankar, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi-560010, Karnataka, India.

²Shweta M. Pandare, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi-560010, Karnataka, India.

³Dr. M. S. Palled, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi-560010, Karnataka, India.

⁴Dr. Shailendra S. Suryawanshi, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi-560010, Karnataka, India.

Abstract: This study emphasises the crucial role of Quality by Design (QbD) in developing pharmaceutical procedures, particularly in risk assessment. It demonstrates how QbD principles were applied to create a precise and effective HPLC method for Silymarin Tablets, ensuring consistent quality within specified criteria. The optimised method, developed using a Design of Experiment approach, employs a C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with isocratic elution using a 95:5 ratio of acetonitrile to orthophosphoric acid buffer (pH 3). Peaks were detected using a PDA detector calibrated at 287 nm, with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column oven temperature was maintained at 25°C, and a 10 μL injection volume was used. Thorough validation, adhering to USP <1225> and ICH Q2 (R1) standards, ensures the reliability of the method. Key factors, including accuracy, precision, robustness, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ), were comprehensively assessed. The method exhibits exceptional sensitivity, selectivity, efficiency, precision, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness, making it an ideal choice for the pharmaceutical analysis of Silymarin tablets. It has been validated to effectively differentiate between marketed products, including those closely resembling the original. This method is intended for routine quality control analysis in the pharmaceutical industry, highlighting its suitability and reliability for ongoing use.

Keywords: AQbD, Quality by design, RP-HPLC, Silymarin, DoE, Quantification, Pharmaceutical formulations, Method development, Method validation, ICH, USP Method validation.
Scope of the Article: Pharmaceutical Analysis

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E404504050824

IJAPSR Journal — Wed, 28 Aug 2024 07:00:29 +0000

The Viability of Emerging Public and Private Generic Drug Infrastructure in India: An in-vitro Case Study Using Statins as Model Drug
Guru Prasanna Sahoo¹, Pratikeswar Panda², Abhijeet Mohanty³, Sudhansu Sekhar Rout⁴, Rajaram Mohapatra⁵

¹Guru Prasanna Sahoo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, India.

²Pratikeswar Panda, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, India.

³Abhijeet Mohanty, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, India.

⁴Sudhansu Sekhar Rout, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, India.

⁵Rajaram Mohapatra, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, India.

Abstract: The healthcare system has been fundamentally altered by the introduction of generic medications, and their market share continues to rise because these are genuine, dependable, secure, affordable, and accessible to all the needy and poor in society. In this regard, the generic drug industry, which strives for authenticity, affordability, and accessibility, plays a significant role. Using HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin) as model drugs, the study aimed to determine the viability of the emerging public and private generic drug infrastructure in India, which included Janaushadhi, Dava India, and other companies. The organoleptic properties and official and non-official quality control tests were evaluated. According to the in-vitro dissolution profiles, the Mankind brand of atorvastatin has shown the highest dissolution profile (75.29%), and the Dwhile the Dava India brand of rosuvastatin has the maximum drug release (97.26%) within one hourpas model best explained the drug release model, which inferred the releasethat the release profile wasspecific. The compatibility analysis of the tablet formulation has been shown through FTIR studies. These results suggest that public generic drugs are as effective as private generic drugs, enabling patients to choose a suitable brand of medication.

Keywords: Generic Drug, Healthcare, Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Dissolution Studies, Kinetic Release
Scope of the Article: Pharmaceutical Analysis

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Volume-4 Issue-5, August 2024 – International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR)

E404904050824

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