A Review of Colon Cancer Treatment using Photoactive Nanoparticles
Nasser Thallaj1, Dania Hani ali Hamad2, Naseem Ahmad Batieh3, Gheed Ahmad Saker4
1Prof. Dr. Nasser Thallaj, Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Quality Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Rachid Privet University, Damascus, Syria.
2Dania Hani ali Hamad, Student, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Quality Control, Al-Rachid Privet University, Damascus, Syria.
3Naseem Ahmad Batieh, Student, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Quality Control, Al-Rachid Privet University, Damascus, Syria.
4Gheed Ahmad saker, Student, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Quality Control, Al-Rachid Privet University, Damascus, Syria.
Manuscript received on 30 April 2023 | Revised Manuscript received on 12 May 2023 | Manuscript Accepted on 15 June 2023 | Manuscript published on 30 June 2023 | PP: 1-32 | Volume-3 Issue-4, June 2023 | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijapsr.D4022063423 | DOI: 10.54105/ijapsr.D4022.063423
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Abstract: This reviewed work on the development of photosensitive nanoparticles (NPs) based on a photodegradable poly(o-nitrobenzyl acrylate) core (PNBA, a hydrophobic and biocompatible polymer) and a dextran-derived shell (dextran is a biodegradable and water-soluble bacterial polysaccharide). First, methods for synthesizing PNBA-N3 were demonstrated by 1) single electron transfer radical polymerization (SET-LRP) of onitrobenzyl acrylates and then 2) introducing a single azide end functionalization. At the same time, the processes for the production of DexAlkyne-15 bearing several alkyne groups by the hydrophilicity of dextran were also addressed. For example, DexAlkyne-15 and PNBA-N3 can be chemically reacted using CuAAC (Cu(I)-azide-alkyne cycloaddition catalyst), resulting in Dex-g-PNBA glycopolymers with varying molecular parameters. Second, strategies for producing NPs were demonstrated by comparing two processes that were characterized in terms of size, amount of dextran, coat thickness, and colloidal stability in NaCl or cell culture medium, or in the presence of a single potent surfactant. On the one hand, NPs made by nanodeposition of Dexg-PNBA exhibit high PNBA weight fractions (>40%). On the other hand, the NPs were produced by evaporating the emulsion to the organic solvent using DexAlkyne-15 as a water-soluble surfactant and PNBA-N3 as a hydrophobic material. In this case, CuAAC occurred in situ (or not) at the fluid/liquid interface during the formulation of the NPs, resulting in “clicking” and “nonclicking”. Finally, a systematic study of the disorder in NPs induced by ultraviolet irradiation, specifically through the photolysis of PNBA chains, is presented. To utilise NPs as smart drug delivery systems, studies have demonstrated the loading of Doxorubicin (DOX, an anti-cancer agent) into NPs during their preparation. Methods for optimizing experimental conditions to enhance DOX encapsulation are discussed
Keywords: Nanoparticles, Photosensitive, Polysaccharide, Biocompatible, Biodegradable, Emulsion-Evaporation of The Organic Solvent, Nanoprecipitation, Anticancer, Encapsulation.
Scope of the Article: Medical Physiology Pharmaceutical Chemistry